Ibadan Reactions to Coronation: Hypocrisy or Strive for Inclusiveness?

 The city of Ibadan, known for its deep-rooted traditions and cultural heritage, has experienced significant controversy surrounding the coronation of high chiefs to the status of Obas. In 2017, the coronation orchestrated by the former governor, Abiola Ajimobi, was met with vehement opposition, leading to deep divisions within the community. Interestingly, the subsequent coronation of high chiefs by Governor Seyi Makinde in 2023 saw relatively little resistance. This stark contrast in reactions raises questions about the authenticity of the initial opposition and the role of political dynamics. This piece delves into the complexities surrounding the two coronations, exploring the underlying factors and scrutinizing the responses of the people of Ibadan.

To comprehend the reactions to the coronations, it is crucial to grasp the historical context and significance of the Ibadan chieftaincy system. Ibadan's traditional institution holds a revered position among the Yoruba people, and the Olubadan serves as the paramount ruler, symbolizing unity and custodianship of traditions. The system has evolved over centuries, blending tradition with contemporary governance structures.

The coronation of 21 kings by Governor Ajimobi in 2017 was met with widespread opposition, with various adjectives used by critics to describe the crowns and the process. Adjectives such as "carton crown (Ade Paali)," "akowe" crown (paper crown), "political crown," and "rubber crown" were employed to convey the perception that the crowns lacked authenticity, historical significance, and durability. Critics argued that the coronation was politically motivated, aiming to consolidate power and control over the traditional institution.

Fast forward to 2023, when Governor Makinde proceeded with the coronation of high chiefs to the status of Obas. The contrasting reaction raised eyebrows, prompting a closer examination of the motivations at play. Was the acceptance of the coronation indicative of a genuine strive for inclusiveness and progress, or did it expose the hypocrisy underlying the previous opposition?

One significant factor contributing to the shift in narratives was the framing of the coronation process. Governor Makinde strategically emphasized the endorsement of the Olubadan and obtained legal backing through the Chieftaincy Amendment Bill. This subtle alteration in the narrative presented the coronation as a step towards inclusiveness rather than a top-down imposition. The involvement of the Olubadan, who recommended the elevation, helped alleviate concerns and fostered a sense of unity.

Another factor worth considering is the political landscape during the two coronations. In 2017, Governor Ajimobi faced strong political opposition, and the coronation was viewed through a lens of distrust and suspicion. However, by 2023, Governor Makinde, from a different political party, enjoyed a more favorable public perception. This shift in political dynamics likely influenced the reactions of the people of Ibadan.

The relatively muted response to the 2023 coronation suggests that the people of Ibadan may be embracing a more pragmatic approach to the city's development. Recognizing the importance of progress and inclusivity, they may be willing to set aside past grievances and prioritize unity and collective growth. The evolving socio-political climate and a desire for a more inclusive governance structure likely played a significant role in this shift.

The divergent reactions to the coronations in Ibadan shed light on the complexity of the issue and raise pertinent questions about the authenticity of the initial opposition. The use of descriptive adjectives, such as "carton crown," "akowe" crown, "political crown," and "rubber crown," by critics in 2017 added fuel to the controversy, reflecting the significance of symbolism and tradition in the chieftaincy institution. However, the subsequent coronation in 2023 saw a more tempered response, possibly driven by changing narratives and political dynamics.

As the people of Ibadan navigate these challenges, it is crucial for them to critically assess their reactions and motivations. Ensuring that decisions regarding their cherished chieftaincy system are driven by genuine concerns for cultural heritage and the overall welfare of the community is paramount. By fostering open dialogue and striving for a common vision of progress, Ibadan can move forward united and strong, forging a path of inclusiveness and development for future generations.

Exploring the Social Determinants of Maternal Mortality

Maternal mortality continues to be a pressing global health issue, demanding urgent attention and effective interventions. While some studies have shed light on medical and clinical factors contributing to maternal mortality, there remains a critical research gap concerning the social determinants of maternal health. Factors such as socioeconomic status, education, cultural practices, and access to healthcare services are known to significantly influence maternal health outcomes. This article aims to highlight the importance of investigating the social determinants of maternal mortality and urges researchers to fill this knowledge gap. By understanding and addressing these social factors, we can develop more comprehensive strategies to improve maternal health outcomes worldwide.

The Interplay of Social Determinants:

Maternal health outcomes are intricately linked to various social determinants, which exert their influence throughout a woman's life. Socioeconomic status, for instance, plays a pivotal role in determining the quality of healthcare a woman receives [Khatun et al (2012)]. Women from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often face financial barriers that hinder their access to timely and appropriate maternal healthcare services. Additionally, educational attainment emerges as a crucial factor, with studies revealing a positive correlation between higher levels of education and improved maternal health [Illah (2013)]. Educated women are more likely to make informed decisions regarding their health and seek appropriate care during pregnancy and childbirth.

Cultural practices and beliefs also significantly impact maternal health outcomes. Certain traditional practices, although deeply rooted in culture, may pose risks to maternal health [Ahmadi (2014)]. For instance, harmful traditional birthing practices or the lack of autonomy in decision-making regarding healthcare interventions can contribute to adverse maternal outcomes. Understanding the influence of cultural factors on maternal health is essential for designing culturally sensitive interventions that respect local traditions while promoting safe motherhood.

Access to healthcare services is another critical social determinant that cannot be overlooked. Disparities in healthcare access, particularly in low-resource settings, contribute to higher maternal mortality rates [Montgomery (2014)]. Limited availability of healthcare facilities, long distances to reach them, and financial constraints can prevent women from receiving adequate antenatal care, skilled birth attendance, and emergency obstetric care. Addressing these barriers requires a comprehensive understanding of the structural and systemic factors that perpetuate healthcare inequities.

The Role of Research in Addressing the Gap:

To bridge the research gap surrounding the social determinants of maternal mortality, focused investigations are imperative. Research should aim to identify the specific ways in which socioeconomic status, education, cultural practices, and healthcare access impact maternal health outcomes. Quantitative studies can help establish associations and quantify the magnitude of these effects [Soomro et al (2013), Deneke et al (2014), Main et al (2015)]. Additionally, qualitative research can provide nuanced insights into the lived experiences of women, enabling a deeper understanding of the contextual factors influencing maternal health [Der et al (2013, Berhan et al (2014), Neal et al (2016)].

Data from the synthesized papers underscore the urgent need for research on social determinants. For example, Devi et al (2012) reveals that women from disadvantaged socioeconomic backgrounds are more likely to experience adverse maternal outcomes compared to their more affluent counterparts. Another study [Say et al (2014)] highlights how cultural beliefs and practices can influence the utilization of maternal healthcare services, further emphasizing the importance of exploring these determinants in detail.

By incorporating the social determinants of maternal mortality into research agendas, researchers can contribute to the development of evidence-based interventions. Policies and programs that address socioeconomic disparities, promote educational opportunities, engage with cultural practices, and improve access to quality healthcare services can help reduce maternal mortality rates [Ameh et al (2014), Mitchell et al (2014), Dadipoor et al (2017)]. Moreover, interdisciplinary collaborations involving public health professionals, sociologists, anthropologists, and policymakers are crucial to comprehensively tackle the complex social determinants that influence maternal health outcomes.

Conclusion:

Insufficient attention to the social determinants of maternal mortality poses a significant gap in current research. To achieve meaningful progress in improving maternal health outcomes, it is vital to address this research gap and explore the influence of socioeconomic status, education, cultural practices, and access to healthcare services on maternal health. The synthesized papers from the systematic literature review on causes of maternal mortality reinforce the urgent need to examine the social determinants more comprehensively. By conducting rigorous research, using mixed methods approaches, and collaborating across disciplines, researchers can contribute to the development of effective interventions and policies that address the underlying social factors contributing to maternal mortality. Filling this knowledge gap is critical to achieving equitable and optimal maternal health outcomes worldwide.

Prioritizing Research on Maternal Mortality in Low-Resource Settings for Improved Health Outcomes

Maternal mortality continues to be a critical global health concern, especially in low-resource settings where access to healthcare resources is severely limited. These regions bear a disproportionate burden of high maternal mortality rates, perpetuating a cycle of poor maternal health. Despite the significance of the issue, there is a glaring lack of research specifically focused on maternal mortality in these contexts. In this piece, our analyst highlights the urgent need for more studies in low-resource settings to gain a comprehensive understanding of the unique challenges and contributing factors. By addressing this research gap, we believe that targeted interventions can be developed to reduce maternal mortality rates and improve maternal health outcomes.

Low-resource settings face numerous barriers that contribute to higher maternal mortality rates. Inadequate healthcare infrastructure, limited access to skilled healthcare providers, financial constraints, cultural beliefs and practices, and geographical barriers all play a significant role. To effectively address these challenges, it is crucial to conduct research that delves deeper into these factors and their complex interactions. Such research will enable the development of context-specific strategies tailored to the needs of women in these regions. By gaining insights into the challenges faced by women, targeted interventions can be designed to address them effectively.

The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that approximately 94% of maternal deaths occur in low-resource settings [Deneke et al (2014), Berhan et al (2014), Filippi et al (2016)]. Maternal mortality rates in these regions are significantly higher compared to resource-rich settings. For instance, Sub-Saharan Africa experiences maternal mortality rates as high as 542 per 100,000 live births, compared to the global average of 211 per 100,000 live births [Illah et al (2013)]. These statistics highlight the alarming reality of maternal mortality in low-resource settings and emphasize the urgent need for action.

Research conducted in low-resource settings has identified several key factors contributing to maternal mortality. Direct causes such as hemorrhage, sepsis, and hypertension remain prevalent [Soomro et al (2013), Der et al (2013), Ameh et al (2014)]. However, there is a diversification of causes, including complications from unsafe abortions, eclampsia, and embolism [Devi et al (2012), Halim et al (2014), Main et al (2015)]. Unsafe abortions, in particular, contribute significantly to maternal deaths in these settings [Dadipoor et al (2017)]. Understanding these factors and their impact is crucial for developing effective interventions that target the root causes of maternal mortality.

The limited research on maternal mortality in low-resource settings hinders the development of effective interventions. To address this gap, it is imperative to prioritize research efforts in these settings. The synthesized papers in our just concluded systematic literature review provide a foundation for further investigation and emphasize the importance of expanding research endeavors [Ray et al (2013), Ahmadi et al (2014), Mitchell et al (2014)]. By conducting more studies, researchers can gain comprehensive insights into the challenges faced by women in low-resource settings and identify strategies to prevent maternal deaths.

One crucial outcome of conducting research in low-resource settings is the development of targeted interventions. The synthesized papers underscore the importance of implementing comprehensive maternal health programs, improving access to quality healthcare services, strengthening healthcare infrastructure, and empowering communities [Oye-Adeniran et al (2014), Neal et al (2016), Bwana et al (2019)]. Community-based interventions, in particular, have shown effectiveness in reducing maternal mortality rates in resource-limited settings [Tessema et al (2017)]. By tailoring interventions to address the specific challenges faced by women in low-resource settings, we can make significant strides in reducing maternal mortality rates.

In conclusion, the limited research on maternal mortality in low-resource settings poses a significant challenge to improving maternal health outcomes worldwide. It is essential to conduct more studies in these contexts to gain a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and contributing factors. By bridging this knowledge gap, researchers and policymakers can develop targeted interventions that address the specific needs of women in low-resource settings. Collaborative efforts among researchers, policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities are crucial in addressing this issue. Additionally, reliance on the findings of the synthesized papers in our systematic literature review reinforces the importance of evidence-based approaches in shaping interventions. Funding agencies should prioritize supporting research initiatives in low-resource settings, recognizing the critical role of reliable data in saving the lives of mothers. By working together and addressing the urgent need for research, we can pave the way for effective interventions that reduce maternal mortality rates and improve maternal health outcomes in low-resource settings.

Understanding Maternal Mortality in Low-Resource Settings: A research gap that need to be addressed.

Maternal mortality continues to be a significant global health challenge, with countless lives lost each year. While progress has been made in reducing maternal mortality rates, certain regions, particularly those with limited healthcare resources, continue to face alarming rates of maternal deaths. This article aims to shed light on the Recently, our analyst through a systematic literature review discovered some gaps in the study of maternal mortality one of which concerning maternal mortality in low-resource settings and emphasizes the urgent need for more studies in these regions. By understanding the unique challenges and factors contributing to maternal mortality in such contexts, we can develop targeted interventions and strategies to save the lives of mothers and improve maternal health outcomes.

The Importance of Low-Resource Settings

Low-resource settings, characterized by inadequate healthcare infrastructure, lack of skilled personnel, limited access to quality maternal healthcare services, and socioeconomic challenges, pose significant barriers to safe motherhood. Women in these settings face multiple challenges that increase the risk of maternal mortality. Limited availability of healthcare facilities and qualified healthcare providers, as well as financial and transportation constraints, often prevent women from receiving essential prenatal and postnatal care. The absence of skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care exacerbates the risks faced by pregnant women. Understanding the specific factors influencing maternal mortality in such contexts is critical for formulating effective interventions that address the root causes and mitigate the risks.

The Research Gap

Despite the global efforts to reduce maternal mortality, our analyst observed that the research landscape on this topic remains skewed towards high-income countries or regions with better healthcare infrastructure. Consequently, the existing evidence base may not adequately capture the unique challenges and contributing factors associated with maternal mortality in low-resource settings. This research gap hinders our ability to develop contextually appropriate interventions and policies that can effectively address the problem. By narrowing this research gap, we can develop a more comprehensive understanding of the specific causes and risk factors for maternal mortality in low-resource settings.

Factors Contributing to Maternal Mortality in Low-Resource Settings

Several factors contribute to the high maternal mortality rates observed in low-resource settings. Limited access to antenatal care due to distance, financial constraints, or cultural barriers prevents women from receiving timely and appropriate care during pregnancy. Inadequate emergency obstetric care facilities and the lack of skilled birth attendants lead to delays in receiving critical medical interventions during childbirth. Poor transportation infrastructure and referral systems further hinder access to emergency obstetric care, increasing the risk of maternal deaths. Cultural and social barriers, such as gender inequalities and discriminatory practices, also play a significant role in limiting women's access to quality healthcare services. Additionally, poverty exacerbates these challenges, as women in low-resource settings often struggle to afford essential healthcare and face socioeconomic barriers to accessing care.

The Need for Targeted Interventions

To reduce maternal mortality rates in low-resource settings, it is crucial to develop targeted interventions that address the specific challenges faced by women in these contexts. Robust research focused on these settings can provide a deeper understanding of the contributing factors, help identify modifiable risk factors, and inform the development and implementation of effective interventions. By conducting studies that are specific to low-resource settings, researchers can assess the impact of interventions tailored to the local context, ultimately leading to improved maternal health outcomes.

One potential intervention is to strengthen the provision of antenatal care by implementing community-based antenatal care programs that bring essential services closer to women in remote areas. This approach can include trained community health workers who provide antenatal education, screenings, and referrals for high-risk pregnancies. Additionally, improving access to emergency obstetric care by establishing well-equipped birthing centers and ensuring the presence of skilled birth attendants can significantly reduce maternal mortality rates. Investing in infrastructure and transportation systems, such as ambulances or transportation vouchers, can help overcome geographical barriers and improve access to emergency care.

Building Research Capacity

In addition to conducting more studies, building research capacity within low-resource settings is essential. Collaborations between local researchers, international institutions, and funding agencies can help strengthen research infrastructure, develop research skills, and encourage knowledge exchange. By supporting local researchers and institutions, we can promote sustainable research efforts that address the unique challenges of maternal mortality in these settings. This can be achieved through training programs, research grants, and mentorship initiatives that empower local researchers to lead and contribute to studies focused on maternal mortality.

Policy Implications

The findings from studies conducted in low-resource settings are critical for informing evidence-based policies and guidelines. Governments and policymakers need to be aware of the specific challenges faced by women in their regions and allocate resources accordingly. By integrating research findings into policy discussions and decision-making processes, policymakers can design interventions that address the root causes of maternal mortality and work towards achieving sustainable development goals. It is crucial to prioritize maternal health within national health agendas and ensure that policies are formulated to address the unique needs of women in low-resource settings.

Addressing this research gap on maternal mortality in low-resource settings is crucial for improving maternal health outcomes and reducing unnecessary deaths. By conducting more studies in these contexts, we can gain a better understanding of the unique challenges faced by women and develop contextually appropriate interventions. The collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and funding agencies is pivotal in building research capacity and translating research findings into effective policies and programs. It is only through collective efforts that we can bridge this research gap, save the lives of mothers, and ensure a healthier future for all women worldwide. By investing in research and implementing targeted interventions, we can make significant strides towards reducing maternal mortality rates and achieving global maternal health goals.